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Calculus 2

Show that a parametric function tracing a curve can be re-parameterized to alter the rate at which the curve is traced without changing its shape.

Find the slope of the tangent line to a parameterized curve given functions x(t)x(t) and y(t)y(t).

Find the second derivative of a parameterized curve given functions x(t)x(t) and y(t)y(t).

Graph polar coordinates with given radius and angle.

Solve a first order differential equation using the method of separation of variables.

For a series represented with a corresponding function over an interval, use the integral test to determine convergence.

Apply divergence test to a series where the sequence does not converge to zero, such as one involving logarithmic terms.

For series that resemble quotient forms, like nn3+1\frac{n}{n^3 + 1}, determine convergence using the comparison or limit comparison test.

Attempt comparing series with non-standard terms using the limit comparison test.

Utilize the root test for series with terms that include powers like (something)n(\text{something})^n.

Apply the ratio test to series involving factorial terms and powers, such as those with n!n! or similar structures.

If you look at the improper interval and the improper integral converges or diverges, whatever it does, the same is true of the series.

Take the series (1)n1Bn(-1)^{n-1} B_n, where BnB_n is positive. Determine if the series is convergent or divergent based on if Bn+1BnB_{n+1} \leq B_n and limnBn=0\lim_{{n \to \infty}} B_n = 0.

Apply the alternating series test to different series to determine convergence or divergence: (1)n3n12n+1(-1)^n \cdot \frac{3n-1}{2n+1} and (1)n+1n2n3+4(-1)^{n+1} \cdot \frac{n^2}{n^3+4}.

Use the ratio test to determine the convergence of the series nnn!\frac{n^n}{n!}.

Suppose that the two series ana_n (the series we care about) and bnb_n (the series we will use for comparison) have positive terms. If the series bnb_n is convergent and the terms anbna_n \leq b_n for all nn, then the series ana_n converges.

Using the direct comparison test, determine whether a series converges or diverges when one series is bounded by another, given that both sequences are positive.

For our first actual example, we're going to pretend this random differential equation with initial conditions that I just got from my textbook yields a solution that's very important to an engineer or scientist.

Using the Maclaurin series for cos(x)\cos(x), rewrite the series to accommodate cos(2x)\cos(2x), and simplify the expression as necessary.