Coding Interviews: Simple Data Structures

Given the root of a binary tree, flatten the tree into a "linked list":

The "linked list" should use the same TreeNode class where the right child pointer points to the next node in the list and the left child pointer is always null.

The "linked list" should be in the same order as a pre-order traversal of the binary tree.

Given the heads of two singly linked-lists headA and headB, return the node at which the two lists intersect. If the two linked lists have no intersection at all, return null.

Given the root of a binary search tree and the lowest and highest boundaries as low and high, trim the tree so that all its elements lies in [low, high]. Trimming the tree should not change the relative structure of the elements that will remain in the tree (i.e., any node's descendant should remain a descendant). It can be proven that there is a unique answer.

Return the root of the trimmed binary search tree. Note that the root may change depending on the given bounds.

Given the root of a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).

A valid BST is defined as follows:

The left subtreeof a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key.

The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node's key.

Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Given two integer arrays preorder and inorder where preorder is the preorder traversal of a binary tree and inorder is the inorder traversal of the same tree, construct and return the binary tree.

Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.

The LCA is defined as: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes p and q as the lowest node in T that has both p and q as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

Given a 1-indexed integer array prices, where prices[i] is the price of a particular stock on the ith day, your task is to select some of the elements of prices such that your selection is linear.

A selection indexes, where indexes is a 1-indexed integer array of length k which is a subsequence of the array [1, 2, ..., n], is linear if:

For every 1 < j <= k, prices[indexes[j]] - prices[indexes[j - 1]] == indexes[j] - indexes[j - 1]

The score of a linear selection is the sum of the prices at those indices, return the maximum score that a linear selection can have given the input.

Given the root of a binary tree, return the level order traversal of its nodes' values. (i.e., from left to right, level by level).

A linked list of length n is given such that each node contains an additional random pointer, which could point to any node in the list, or null. Return the head of a deep copy of the list, ie all new nodes and both the node.next and node.random pointers point to new nodes.

Given the root of a binary tree, return the length of the longest path, where each node in the path has the same value. This path may or may not pass through the root.

The length of the path between two nodes is represented by the number of edges between them.

Given the root of a binary tree and an integer targetSum, return true if the tree has a root-to-leaf path such that adding up all the values along the path equals targetSum.

A leaf is a node with no children.

Given the root of a Binary Search Tree (BST), convert it to a Greater Tree such that every key of the original BST is changed to the original key plus the sum of all keys greater than the original key in BST.

Implement the Trie class:

Trie() Initializes the trie object.

void insert(String word) Inserts the string word into the trie.

boolean search(String word) Returns true if the string word is in the trie (i.e., was inserted before), and false otherwise.

boolean startsWith(String prefix) Returns true if there is a previously inserted string word that has the prefix prefix, and false otherwise.

Given the root of a binary tree and an integer targetSum, return the number of paths where the sum of the values along the path equals targetSum.

The path does not need to start or end at the root or a leaf, but it must go downwards (i.e., traveling only from parent nodes to child nodes).